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<h2>PHONEMES</h2>
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The following phonemes codes are included.  Other languages could:
<ul>
<li>Use these phonemes as they are.  This will often be the case with many consonants.
<li>Use the codes but make variations of their sounds, to make vowels sound right for the language.
<li>Use the codes, but for different sounds.
<li>Add new phonemes codes.
</ul>
The included phonemes include those of British English, with a few extra for convenience (eg. [I2] is a version of [I] which has an "unstressed" property).  Also there are a few additional phonemes which are not in standard British English but are common in other languages.
<p>
The phoneme mnemonics are based on the scheme by Kirschenbaum: <a href="http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf">www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf</a>, which gives the International Phonetic Alphabet equivalents.
<p>
Phoneme mnemonics can be used directly in the text input to <strong>speak</strong>.  They are enclosed within double square brackets.  Spaces are used to separate words and all stressed syllables must be marked explicitly. eg:<br>
[[D,Is Iz sVm f@n'EtIk t'Ekst 'InpUt]]
<ul>
<pre><table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td colspan=2><strong>Short vowels</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width=50>a</td>
      <td>tr<b>a</b>p</td>
      <td width=50>E</td>
      <td>dr<b>e</b>ss</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>I</td>
      <td>k<b>i</b>t</td>
      <td>I2</td>
      <td>as [I] but marked 'unstressed'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>0</td>
      <td>l<b>o</b>t ('zero', note 1)</td>
      <td>V</td>
      <td>str<b>u</b>t</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>U</td>
      <td>f<b>oo</b>t</td>
      <td>aa</td>
      <td>b<b>a</b>th (note 2)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>@</td>
      <td>th<b>e</b> (schwa, unstressed)</td>
      <td>@-</td>
      <td>fav<b>our</b>ite (very short schwa)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>a2</td>
      <td><b>a</b>bout (note 3, unstressed)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan=2><br><strong>Long vowels</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>i:</td>
      <td>fl<b>ee</b>ce</td>
      <td>3:</td>
      <td>n<b>ur</b>se ('three', note 4)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>A:</td>
      <td>p<b>al</b>m</td>
      <td>O:</td>
      <td>th<b>ough</b>t</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>u:</td>
      <td>g<b>oo</b>se</td>
      <td>aI</td>
      <td>pr<b>i</b>ce</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>eI</td>
      <td>f<b>a</b>ce</td>
      <td>oI</td>
      <td>ch<b>oi</b>ce</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>i@</td>
      <td>n<b>ear</b></td>
      <td>e@</td>
      <td>squ<b>are</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>O@</td>
      <td>f<b>or</b>ce</or> (note 5)</td>
      <td>U@</td>
      <td>c<b>ure</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>aU</td>
      <td>m<b>ou</b>th</td>
      <td>oU</td>
      <td>g<b>oa</b>t</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>aI@</td>
      <td>f<b>ire</b></td>
      <td>aU@</td>
      <td>p<b>ower</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>@L</td>
      <td>vess<b>el</b> (unstressed)</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan=2><br><strong>Additional vowels</strong> (note 6)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>e:</td>
      <td>Ger: t<b>ee</b>, s<b>e</b>gen, Fr: <b>&#233;</b></td>
      <td>o:</td>
      <td>Ger: t<b>o</b>n, Fr: ch<b>au</b>d</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>i</td>
      <td>Short [i:]</td>
      <td>O</td>
      <td>Short [O:]</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>y:</td>
      <td>Ger: t<b>&#252;</b>r, Fr: cr<b>u</b></td>
      <td>y</td>
      <td>Ger: gl<b>&#252;</b>ck</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Y:</td>
      <td>Ger: sch<b>&#246;</b>n, Fr: j<b>e&#251;</b>ne</td>
      <td>W</td>
      <td>Ger: k<b>&#246;</b>nnen, Fr: b<b>eu</b>rre</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>eU</td>
      <td></td>
      <td>uI</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>a~</td>
      <td>Fr: nasal <b>an</b></td>
      <td>E~</td>
      <td>Fr: nasal <b>in</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>O~</td>
      <td>Fr: nasal <b>on</b></td>
      <td>W~</td>
      <td>Fr: nasal <b>un</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>u-</td>
      <td>unrounded [u]</td>
      <td>o-</td>
      <td>unrounded [o]</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan=4><br><strong>Consonants</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>N</td>
      <td>si<b>ng</b></td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>S</td>
      <td><b>sh</b>ow</td>
      <td>Z</td>
      <td>plea<b>s</b>ure</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>tS</td>
      <td><b>ch</b>ur<b>ch</b></td>
      <td>dZ</td>
      <td><b>j</b>u<b>dge</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>T</td>
      <td><b>th</b>in</td>
      <td>D</td>
      <td><b>th</b>e</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>C</td>
      <td>Ger: i<b>ch</b></td>
      <td>x</td>
      <td>Ger: bu<b>ch</b></td>
    </tr>
     <tr>
      <td>Q</td>
      <td>(Voiced velar frictative, voiced [x])</td>
    </tr>
   <tr>
      <td colspan=4><br>The following consonants are the same as the symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet:
p &nbsp; t &nbsp; k
b &nbsp; d &nbsp; g
f &nbsp; s &nbsp; h
v &nbsp; z
r &nbsp; l &nbsp; j &nbsp; w
m &nbsp; n </td></tr>
  </tbody>
</table></pre>
</ul>
Notes:
<ol>
<li><code>[0]&nbsp;</code> (digit zero) is used rather than the Kirschenbaum symbol [A.].
<li><code>[aa]</code> is used in those cases where the pronunciation changes from [a] to [A:] between northern and southern British English.
<li><code>[a2]</code> is used as a more open variant of schwa [@] in words where an unstressed [a] is reduced to schwa.
<li><code>[3:]</code> is used rather than the Kirschenbaum symbol [R].
<li><code>[O@]</code> is used as an alternative symbol to <code>[O:]</code>, with the same sound, where the spelling has a following 'r' which has been absorbed into the vowel.  This would allow different sounds for 'thought' and 'force' if required.
<li>The additional non English vowels are not expected to be accurate and will doubtless require modification.
</ol>
Some further symbols:
<ul>
<li><code>[@2]</code> Is used for <code>[@]</code> which changed to <code>[I2]</code> when followed by a vowel (used in 'the').
<li><code>[@5]</code> Is used for <code>[@]</code> which changed to <code>[U]</code> when followed by a vowel (used in 'to').
<li><code>[L]&nbsp;</code> Is automatically used for <code>[l]</code> when not followed by a vowel.
<li><code>[R]&nbsp;</code> Is automatically used for <code>[r]</code> when not followed by a vowel.
</ul>
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